{"id":5610,"date":"2025-12-10T10:23:22","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T09:23:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mwsoa.info\/ar\/?p=5610"},"modified":"2025-12-10T10:44:32","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T09:44:32","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%ae%d9%88%d9%84_%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%83%d9%88%d9%8a%d9%86_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%87%d9%86%d9%8a-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mwsoa.info\/?p=5610","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d<\/strong><\/p>

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>

\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u2014\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u061f<\/strong><\/h4>

\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644) \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>

\u00ab\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u061f\u00bb \u0648\u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629. \u060c \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/p>

\u00a0\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 10\/20 \u0643\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d<\/strong><\/p>

  1. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a<\/strong> \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/li>
  2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 10\/20 <\/strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 50% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a.<\/li><\/ol>

    \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 10\/20<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629:<\/p>

    – \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
    – \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/span>
    – \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/span>
    – \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 10\/20 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/p>

    • – \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 Standard Setting Methods.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>

      \u00a0<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d<\/u><\/strong><\/p>

      1. \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/strong> (Bookmark Method)<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

        \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong> :<\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a:\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 20 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0644 13 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d = 13 \u00f7 20 = 65%\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u064a 13\/20<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0641<\/strong> (Angoff Method)<\/strong><\/p>

        \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644.:<\/p>

        • – \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621.\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646.<\/li>
        • – \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a.<\/li>
        • – \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/li>
        • \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621:<\/li><\/ul>

          \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

          \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>

          1<\/p><\/td>

          70%<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          2<\/p><\/td>

          60%<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          3<\/p><\/td>

          50%<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          4<\/p><\/td>

          40%<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          5<\/p><\/td>

          60%<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

          \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 = 280%
          \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d = 280 \u00f7 5 = 56%
          \u0645\u0646 20 = 11.2\/20<\/p>

          \u00a0<\/strong>.3<\/strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0650\u0644<\/strong> (Ebel Method)<\/strong><\/p>

          \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646:<\/p>

          \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>

          \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u2013 \u0633\u0647\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          3<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          80%<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          3<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          60%<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u2013 \u0633\u0647\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          3<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          70%<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u2013 \u0635\u0639\u0628<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          3<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          40%<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

          \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u2013 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636)<\/p>

          \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u2013 \u0635\u0639\u0628)<\/p>

          \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629.<\/p>

          \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a:\u00a0 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 12 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627:<\/p>

          \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628: 2.4 + 1.8 + 2.1 + 1.2 = 7.5
          \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d = 7.5 \u00f7 12\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 20:<\/p>

          \u00a02020 \u00d7 (7.5 \u00f7 12) = 12.5\/<\/p>

          \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>

          \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

          \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

          \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

          \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

          \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>

          \u0623\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0641<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

          \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td>

          \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/p><\/td>

          \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/p><\/td>

          \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0650\u0644<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

          \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p><\/td>

          \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628<\/p><\/td>

          \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/p><\/td>

          \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

          \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td>

          \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

          \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td>

          \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

          • \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 10\/20 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a.<\/li>
          • \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/li>
          • \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0640<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>
            1. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/li>
            2. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/li>
            3. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0650\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/li>
            4. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

              \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

              \u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>

              • Cohen-Schotanus, J., & Van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2000). A retrospective method for setting standards on multiple-choice examinations.<\/em> Medical Education, 34(2), 91\u201398.<\/li>
              • Olivier, P. (2009). Histoire des syst\u00e8mes \u00e9ducatifs en Alg\u00e9rie. Paris: \u00c9ditions L\u0092Harmattan.<\/li>
              • Benrabah, M. (2011). L\u0092enseignement en Alg\u00e9rie: continuit\u00e9s et ruptures. Alger: Casbah \u00c9ditions.<\/li>
              • Angoff, W. H. (1971). Scales, norms, and equivalent scores.<\/em> Educational Testing Service.<\/li>
              • Ebel, R. L. (1972). Essentials of Educational Measurement<\/em> (2nd Edition). Prentice Hall.<\/li>
              • Cizek, G. J., & Bunch, M. B. (2007). Standard Setting: A Guide to Establishing and Evaluating Performance Standards on Tests.<\/em> SAGE Publications.<\/li>
              • Lewis, C., & Mitzel, H. E. (1981). A procedure for setting standards on tests.<\/em> Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1(2), 25\u201331.<\/li>
              • BMC Medical Education (2006). Standard setting: Comparison of two methods.<\/em><\/li>
              • Tiyawongsuwan, Lawthong & Kanjanawasee (2013). Standard Setting for Educational Evaluation: Concepts, Methods and Applications<\/em><\/li><\/ul>

                \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                \"\"<\/p>

                \u00a9\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646.<\/div>
                -\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u2014\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u061f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644) \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u00ab\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5618,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mql"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mwsoa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mwsoa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mwsoa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mwsoa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mwsoa.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5610"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/mwsoa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5619,"href":"https:\/\/mwsoa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5610\/revisions\/5619"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mwsoa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mwsoa.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mwsoa.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5610"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mwsoa.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}